The Museums mission is to educate the general public on the Western Migration Movement, American expansion, and the Battle of the Little Big Horn. This institution also collects, preserves, and exhibits original artifacts, Native American beadwork, photographs, paintings, and rare books and manuscripts related to Custer, the Battle, and other frontier subjects. Extensive exhibits of Native American and 7th Cavalry artifacts include many items excavated from the Battlefield, as well as ephemera belonging to Sitting Bull, G.A. Custer, Tom Custer, Crazy Horse, Lewis & Clark, and other important figures of the time.

The Museum’s collection of more than one hundred D.F. Barry photographs has toured internationally and is now on permanent display. The Tomb of the Unknown United States Soldier, dedicated during the 50th anniversary of Custer’s massacre, is a highlight on the Museum grounds and is maintained by this institution. During the 125th anniversary of the Battle of the Little Big Horn, a Peace Memorial monument was erected with larger-than-life busts of Sioux Chief Sitting Bull and 7th Cavalry General George Custer.